English Unit 3 Quiz 3 Flashcard

English Unit 3 Quiz 3

Exploratory Essay on Immigration

Exploratory Essay on Immigration Exploratory Essay on Immigration Immigration into the USA has recently become a contentious issue in the national debate. Democrats and Republicans have clashed with each other, and with the White House. Republicans have clashed with Republicans as well. Why is immigration such a problem to a country that was founded on immigrants, and has inscribed â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.† on their famous Statue of Liberty. There are several reasons that emerge in the debate. The historical source of immigrants and national identity is a main one. The original immigrants to the USA were in fact Anglo Saxon Protestants. As their national identity grew, they saw themselves as a Christian, Protestant, English speaking people and nation. As further waves of immigrants arrived, they were, if not Anglo Saxon, primarily western European, and Christian and mostly willing to learn English, and be absorbed into the American way. Even when the Irish, Italians and Polish made their way to the USA, although Catholic they were Europeans, who fit into the predominantly Anglo Saxon American identity. They were minorities, who learned English and accepted the status quo. Also, many of them brought needed skills to the country. This was a major factor of the sense of national identity, America was white, English and Protestant. The latent racial superiority overtones were only observed openly with regard to the African American slaves. However, as they were slaves and a small minority they were tolerated, if not welcomed. It is this that is driving some of the resistance to current immigration. The source of the new wave of immigrants is not European, or Anglo Saxon. Rather the main groups of immigrants are Latin Americans coming from South America, and the Caribbean island. They are predominantly Spanish speaking, unskilled, and Catholic, and arriving in great numbers. This threatens the national identity in various ways. The threat they pose to the original immigrants is first in the sheer magnitude of their numbers. In California, Texas, and Florida for example. This threatens to change the whole culture of these and other states. Instead of being absorbed into the American culture, learning English and providing skills, they are demanding education in Spanish for their children, and the majority has poor education, no English, few skills and no resources. Known as Hispanics there are about 50 million in the USA. Only Mexico has more. In the period 2010- 11 their numbers in the USA rose by 2.8 million. It is projected in 50 years time the Hispanics will constitute a third of the population of the USA. (U.S. Census Burea). It is this that has the Republicans concerned. With such numbers preferring to speak Spanish, be educated in Spanish, and keep their Catholic religion their immigration is seen as colonization. Their lack of skill and resources as a drain on social security, medical and educational resources. The massive amount of illegal immigrants already in the country is another problem. About 11 million are currently living in the USA illegally. To Republicans they are lawbreakers, criminals who need to be deported, not supported. Others say reality dictates they must be given legal status because it is impossible to arrest and deport them. Plus many have children that were born in the USA, are in schools, and see themselves as Americans. It is because of such complexities that immigration is such a contentious subject in the USA today. There seems to be no easy solution to the question of immigration into the USA, whether legal or illegal. Tips on writing: Exploratory essays ask questions to gather and share information on the topic about immigration. It is not necessary to find answers. Introductions for exploratory essays are broad, as you are making an inquiry into a topic, not proving a thesis. Present the topic and the questions you will ask. State your research question clearly state what you want to discover, and why. Identify the issue, its causes and other factors of immigration. Identify decision makers and other interested parties. You do not have to supply solutions as the paper is for the purpose of identifying the problem. If it happens that you need custom exploratory essays on immigration contact our professional writing company.

Chronological List of African Independence

Chronological List of African Independence Most nations in Africa were colonized by European states in the early modern era, including a burst of colonization in the Scramble for Africa from 1880 to 1900. But this condition was reversed over the course of the next century by independence movements. Here are the dates of independence for African nations. Country Independence Date Prior ruling country Liberia, Republic of July 26, 1847 - South Africa, Republic of May 31, 1910 Britain Egypt, Arab Republic of Feb. 28, 1922 Britain Ethiopia, People's Democratic Republic of May 5, 1941 Italy Libya (Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) Dec. 24, 1951 Britain Sudan, Democratic Republic of Jan. 1, 1956 Britain/Egypt Morocco, Kingdom of March 2, 1956 France Tunisia, Republic of March 20, 1956 France Morocco (Spanish Northern Zone, Marruecos) April 7, 1956 Spain Morocco (International Zone, Tangiers) Oct. 29, 1956 - Ghana, Republic of March 6, 1957 Britain Morocco (Spanish Southern Zone, Marruecos) April 27, 1958 Spain Guinea, Republic of Oct. 2, 1958 France Cameroon, Republic of Jan. 1 1960 France Senegal, Republic of April 4, 1960 France Togo, Republic of April 27, 1960 France Mali, Republic of Sept. 22, 1960 France Madagascar, Democratic Republic of June 26, 1960 France Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the June 30, 1960 Belgium Somalia, Democratic Republic of July 1, 1960 Britain Benin, Republic of Aug. 1, 1960 France Niger, Republic of Aug. 3, 1960 France Burkina Faso, Popular Democratic Republic of Aug. 5, 1960 France Cà ´te d'Ivoire, Republic of (Ivory Coast) Aug. 7, 1960 France Chad, Republic of Aug. 11, 1960 France Central African Republic Aug. 13, 1960 France Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of the Aug. 15, 1960 France Gabon, Republic of Aug. 16, 1960 France Nigeria, Federal Republic of Oct. 1, 1960 Britain Mauritania, Islamic Republic of Nov. 28, 1960 France Sierra Leone, Republic of Apr. 27, 1961 Britain Nigeria (British Cameroon North) June 1, 1961 Britain Cameroon(British Cameroon South) Oct. 1, 1961 Britain Tanzania, United Republic of Dec. 9, 1961 Britain Burundi, Republic of July 1, 1962 Belgium Rwanda, Republic of July 1, 1962 Belgium Algeria, Democratic and Popular Republic of July 3, 1962 France Uganda, Republic of Oct. 9, 1962 Britain Kenya, Republic of Dec. 12, 1963 Britain Malawi, Republic of July 6, 1964 Britain Zambia, Republic of Oct. 24, 1964 Britain Gambia, Republic of The Feb. 18, 1965 Britain Botswana, Republic of Sept. 30, 1966 Britain Lesotho, Kingdom of Oct. 4, 1966 Britain Mauritius, State of March 12, 1968 Britain Swaziland, Kingdom of Sept. 6, 1968 Britain Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Oct. 12, 1968 Spain Morocco (Ifni) June 30, 1969 Spain Guinea-Bissau, Republic of Sept. 24, 1973(alt. Sept. 10, 1974) Portugal Mozambique, Republic of June 25. 1975 Portugal Cape Verde, Republic of July 5, 1975 Portugal Comoros, Federal Islamic Republic of the July 6, 1975 France So Tomà © and Principe, Democratic Republic of July 12, 1975 Portugal Angola, People's Republic of Nov. 11, 1975 Portugal Western Sahara Feb. 28, 1976 Spain Seychelles, Republic of June 29, 1976 Britain Djibouti, Republic of June 27, 1977 France Zimbabwe, Republic of April 18, 1980 Britain Namibia, Republic of March 21, 1990 South Africa Eritrea, State of May 24, 1993 Ethiopia Notes: Ethiopia  is usually considered to have never been colonized, but following the invasion by Italy in 1935-36 Italian settlers arrived. Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed and went into exile in the UK. He regained his throne on 5 May 1941 when he re-entered Addis Ababa with his troops. Italian resistance was not completely overcome until 27th November 1941.Guinea-Bissau  made a Unilateral Declaration of Independence on Sept. 24, 1973, now considered as Independence Day. However, independence was only recognized by Portugal on 10 September 1974 as a result of the Algiers Accord of Aug. 26, 1974.Western Sahara  was immediately seized by Morocco, a move contested by Polisario (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio del Oro).

How to Calculate Mass Percent Composition of a Compound

How to Calculate Mass Percent Composition of a Compound Mass percent composition of a molecule shows the amount each element in a molecule contributes to the total molecular mass. Each elements contribution is expressed as a percentage of the whole. This step by step tutorial will show the method to determine the mass percent composition of a molecule. An ExampleWith Potassium Ferricyanide Calculate the mass percent composition of each element in a potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6 molecule. The Solution Step 1: Find the atomic mass of each element in the molecule. The first step to finding mass percent is to find the atomic mass of each element in the molecule.K3Fe(CN)6 is made up of potassium (K), iron (Fe), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N).Using the periodic table:Atomic mass of K: 39.10 g/molAtomic mass of Fe: 55.85 g/molAtomic mass of C: 12.01 g/molAtomic mass of N: 14.01 g/mol​​ Step 2: Find the mass combination of each element. The second step is to determine the total mass combination of each element. Each molecule of KFe(CN)6 contains 3 K, 1 Fe, 6 C and 6 N atoms. Multiply these numbers by the atomic mass to get each elements mass contribution.Mass contribution of K 3 x 39.10 117.30 g/molMass contribution of Fe 1 x 55.85 55.85 g/molMass contribution of C 6 x 12.01 72.06 g/molMass contribution of N 6 x 14.01 84.06 g/mol​ Step 3: Find the total molecular mass of the molecule. The molecular mass is the sum of the mass contributions of each element. Simply add each mass contribution together to find the total.Molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 117.30 g/mol 55.85 g/mol 72.06 g/mol 84.06 g/molMolecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 329.27 g/mol​ Step 4: Find the mass percent composition of each element. To find the mass percent composition of an element, divide the mass contribution of the element by the total molecular mass. This number must then be multiplied by 100% to be expressed as a percent.Mass percent composition of K mass contribution of K/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of K 117.30 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of K 0.3562 x 100%Mass percent composition of K 35.62%Mass percent composition of Fe mass contribution of Fe/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 55.85 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 0.1696 x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 16.96%Mass percent composition of C mass contribution of C/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of C 72.06 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of C 0.2188 x 100%Mass percent composition of C 21.88%Mass percent composition of N mass contribution of N/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of N 84.06 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of N 0.2553 x 100%Mass percent composition of N 25.53%​ The Answer K3Fe(CN)6 is 35.62% potassium, 16.96% iron, 21.88% carbon and 25.53% nitrogen.It is always a good idea to check your work. If you add up all the mass percent compositions, you should get 100%.35.62% 16.96% 21.88% 25.53% 99.99%Where is the other .01%? This example illustrates the effects of significant figures and rounding errors. This example used two significant figures past the decimal point. This allows for an error on the order of  ±0.01. This examples answer is within these tolerances.

Business Class Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Class Questions - Coursework Example The growing interest in business research can be attributed the increasing need to understand employees, customer behavior, stakeholders, and business environment for effective decision making. Business research has been advanced through the current advancement in technology which has made possible for organizations to keep track of important information in their day-to-day operation. Such technologies entails the business intelligence system which facilitates continuous collection of information on the various factors affecting business such as economic, market, political, technology, cultural and social trends(Cooper, Cooper & Schindler, 2010). Decision makers combine information collected through such systems with data obtained through the contemporary business research to enhance the credibility and reliability of the research findings. The definition of research should be questioned on the basis that the definition, can be identified as being in its informative stage. 2. What is the difference between applied research and basic or pure research? The major difference between applied research and pure research revolve around the objectives or aims of the research process. Pure research entail the gathering of new information or data to expand the existing knowledge about a given phenomenon or issues where the ultimate goal is build on what is already known (Cooper, Cooper & Schindler, 2010). On the other hand, applied research revolves around collecting of information geared towards providing amicable solutions to a certain problems or opportunities. Pure research only seeks to answer question or provide knowledge that does directly affect organizational decision making or actions taken in the business operations. In the context of deciding how a salesperson should be paid, either by commission or salary, the question that would be applied to guide an applied research would involve an inquiry on what payment method would be appropriate to pay the salesperson with consideration of benefits associated with each method on both parties. For example, which of the two methods payment; commission or salary would be more appropriate for paying a salesperson? On the other hand the question to guide a pure research on the same issue would entail exploration of the two methods of payment without necessarily seeking to establish a direct response. For example the question can be framed as follows; what are the benefits for using either commission or salary to pay a sales person? 5. What are the dilemmas a sales force manager faces in selecting a custom motivation program or a purchase base program offered by a consulting firm? Selection of either of two programs presents several dilemmas as to which of the two programs would translate to maximum performance and the risks that may be involved in adopting either of the two. The sales force manager faces the dilemma of whether of he/ she has the necessary skills to support implementation of either th e custom motivation program or the purchase based program. The other dilemma that the manager faces revolves around whether the external program can be supported by the firm’s budget. The manager must try to establish if the external prog

Advertisemnt of junk food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertisemnt of junk food - Essay Example The advertisement of junk food has been on the increase in the many parts of the world. The advertisers use both the traditional forms and modern ways of advertisement. The traditional ways of advertisement comprise of television, radio, newspapers.The sophisticated ways of advertisement uses the internet and you tube. The promotion of the junk food through the media spells doom to the health living of an individual and the nation as a whole. Health is a major apprehension among different stakeholders in the world (Moton and Dumler, 2009). Many studies in United States indicate that American people, both the infants and the youth consume poor diets that pose a problem to their health. This therefore implies that the children and adolescents are at a precarious situation to contract health complications that come with poor diet. This is because the youth and the children ape any behavior that they perceive in the advertisement media. Promotion of good eating habits through the tools o f advertisement can greatly help to curb the imminent danger to health. Conversely, promotion of junk foods through advertisement will spell doom to the health of the American people (Insel et al, 2010). Advertising corporations in United States can help youth to reach a well-informed choice on whether to eat or not take junk foods. This can only happen when the corporations decide to advertise directly to the adolescents. Celebrities attract youth and they easily follow their mannerisms. To them it does not matter whether what they are advertising has potential dangers or not. Most advertisement in United States employs the models and the celebrities to publicize junk foods. This makes me believe that American advertisement corporation has negative impacts towards influencing decisions that youth make (Moton and Dumler, 2009). There is a significant change to the habits of consumption of foods in United States over period. Reliable sources indicate that most American youths and chi ldren take food away from their homes. This means that the children and adolescents do not get natural foods. They feed on the junk foods that contain a lot of fatty acids and added sugars. The intake of the high-fat foods poses a health danger to the children and youth. This contributes to the escalating number of overweight and obesity among the American youths and children. The data of these conditions has increased compared to the previous years. The overweight and obese children are at the danger of contracting the heart diseases. The commonest heart ailments include the hypertension and stroke. Other complications include diabetes 2. At severe cases, these disorders can lead to death (Insel et al, 2010). In addition, it puts a lot constrains to the economy of United States. This is because the government has to care for the cost of cardiac and diabetic patients. In the end, the disorders affect the productivity of the affected citizens. These Americans contribute little to the development of their economy. The appearance of skinny and slim people in the advertisement has negative impacts on the perception of youth. The youth and children perceive them as the epitomes worthy emulation. These youngsters tend to forgo food in order get the slender body. This makes the youth to experience starvation, which is detrimental to their healthy. Majority of women ands girls after viewing the thin models and actors tend to think that is the right body, which they should possess. This means that women and young girls will tend to dislike their bodies (Moton and Dumler, 2009). To resemble the models, the women will reduce the portions of their foods. This subjects the body into a very wanting situation because of lack of essential nutrients. This therefore calls for the advertising corporation to use a variety of women of varied sizes. It is a way to achieve neutrality in the advertisements of products. The advertisement of edible products influences the youth to deve lop interest to

The case against hurting others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The case against hurting others - Essay Example The focus is on the concept of â€Å"How would you like it if someone did that to you?† (Nagel, 1987. p. 64). The point emphasized by Nagel here is that a person should endeavor to step into the shoes of the other individual. Then the perspective of reality would become evident, and perhaps, the action could be avoided. He further argues that people fail to appreciate the viewpoint of the other person because their own orientation about the facts is not only specific, due to being a different person altogether . Kant on the other hand, almost refers to the doing of these acts as an act of duty, wherein a person would be internally compelled to undergo a task. He feels that it is important to take heed of situation as a consequence of one’s internal drive, instead somebody from the outer world forcing an action.  Nagel also tends to believes that the concept of majority is a more generalized concept, and cannot be left at the whims of individuals. Universal good, thoug h is not clearly defined, yet it exists as unison. It is only for a person to explore the same in appropriate conditions and circumstances, whereby the true inner persona of the individual will come out. In the context of hurting others, this is a very important stance, the fact remains, that of there is a concept of universal good, then a person should not harm others in the first instance. Therefore, he should make that realization earlier in, and should begin to establish the norms that would help him world.... Nagel also tends to believes that the concept of majority is a more generalized concept, and cannot be left at the whims of individuals. Universal good, though is not clearly defined, yet it exists as unison. It is only for a person to explore the same in appropriate conditions and circumstances, whereby the true inner persona of the individual will come out. In the context of hurting others, this is a very important stance, the fact remains, that of there is a concept of universal good, then a person should not harm others in the first instance. Therefore, he should make that realization earlier in, and should begin to establish the norms that would help him live appropriately in the world. The reality is that the integrity of the will is imperishable. In the perspective, the meaning can be inferred in the same line. The will alone can have no integrity - it has to be linked with man himself, as per Kant. Therefore, again extrapolating the fact that the mind is sure to dominate the proceedings of life, despite what course of actions are to be taken, the case against hurting people becomes clear. The soul as an entity can never destroy, as it is the true emblem of existence for man - his distinguishing factor. These factors give an intrinsic line of reasoning for the person who is about to or intends to harm somebody. When the established pattern of thought is already present, then the person will automatically restrain himself from doing the superfluous. The concept of uniformity of behavior and thought has always triggered the minds of people who want to dwell into the science of what humans may do in a particular scenario. However, it is interesting that

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Relations - Essay Example He was known to be an Athenian; his generation came immediately after that of the Socrates. Although he was not the conversation leader, his dialogue features the Socrates. Plato has the political doctrine attributed to him, it was mainly obtained from the statesman, the laws and even from the republic Taylor, (121-122). He focused mainly on the following; that living a good life is considered to be our actions final end, which is individuals pursuing happiness in life. Plato also highlights that an individual having a good life depend on utilizing personal skills and abilities and that of other different external goods. He further adds that all these require individuals to have virtues. Virtues on the other hand forces individuals to have the knowledge of the good. Plato concludes that the search of happiness required an individual to possess the knowledge of good. Thus through his various contributions Plato is perceived to play a key role in the establishment of the ancient d the medieval political theory. In bringing about the philosophy, polis also resulted in what Aristotle referred to as being two lives. This included the life of politics and that of philosophy. There were several issues that needed clarification and it included; whether philosophers could conduct themselves politically, whether they could be involved in the normal politics in the current regimes or come up with their own, and also if they were suppose remain purely philosophical without getting involved in politics. Considering the above questions, the philosophical life of Socrates was considered as having been involved in politics before experiencing death philosophically. However for both Plato and Aristotle they perceived politics as being less divined and considered it to be less attractive as compared to studying the world truth which to them was extensive. Even though philosophy may handle issues on politics its major task is more as compared to that of politics. It is important to understand that those who established the earlier political philosophy were focused in differentiating and making philosophy independent from the ordinary actions of politics. This does not necessarily imply that they did not possess ordinary intentions of politics, but rather to clearly state that the establishment of political philosophy was meant to problematized the ordinary political life value. Considering the conception of the modern state it greatly varies with the polis philosophy. There is no clear difference between the state and the political life. It is even difficult to determine which one is above the other, which in reality the state should be superior. According to Plato a political community which is just is structured in a manner where every citizen gets an appropriate opportunity to make contribution for the sake of the communities to benefit. Hence, individuals should have virtues which include social virtues, and an individual can attain this through the the oretical teaching and through education provided. The knowledge of the good according to Plato has different ways; it includes the different modes where an individual’s character is trained and the theoretical knowledge obtained. This consists of a particular type of knowledge considered to be of second-order which mostly concerns the appropriate logical patterns and the given criteria used particularly in the epistemic quality of beliefs evaluation. True reality is not always obvious to majority of us mainly because of how we conduct our

Labor Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor Standards - Essay Example However, overtime compensation may be offered based on the agreement. On the other hand, Nonexempt can be described as an arrangement where employees are entitled to overtime compensation and minimum wage as outlined in the Fair Labor Standard Act. An executive exception can be said to be the benefits that accrue to individuals based on their positions in an organization. Subsequently, administrative exemption refers to favors that people enjoy for holding administrative posts in an organization such as the supervisors. Profession exemptions are exclusions that individuals get due to some expertise power. The WTPA became effective in 2011 and was mainly constituted to ensure that wages for workers are safe. The WTPA obliges employers to provide new workers with a written notice of wage rates and the formal payment dates. The US government realized that most employers were not ethical in disbursing wages to workers. In essence, several cases arose regarding wage theft and, therefore, there was a need to formulate a legislation that provide a solution to such issues. The law is of great interest to my company in that it provides an oversight of the legal repercussions that might happen once wage theft is reported to the relevant

American Films and Backhoe Operators Essay Example for Free

American Films and Backhoe Operators Essay Analysis Jim worked as a laborer for a gas utility in Winnipeg, Manitoba. When the opportunity came to apply for a backhoe/front-end-loader operator job, he was excited. Three people applied. To select the one who would get the job, the company asked each of them to go out and actually work on the backhoe for a day. Jim felt his chance for the job disappear because he had never even driven a tractor, let alone used a backhoe. When he went out, he did not know how to start the tractor. One of the other backhoe operators had to show him. He managed through the day, and to his surprise, did better than the others. He was given the job. On his first day at the new job, one of the other backhoe operators showed him where to check the hydraulic fluid and said, â€Å"These old Masseys are foolproof. You will be okay. † Jim taught himself how to dig a hole by trial and error. He initially believed that the best way was to fill the bucket as much as possible before lifting it out of the hole and emptying it. He would wiggle the bucket back and forth until it was submerged and then curl it. When it came out of the hole, the earth would be falling off the sides. This job was not so difficult after all, he thought. He cut through his first water line about two weeks after starting his new job. Going into a deep, muddy hole did not make the crew happy. After Jim cut through his third water line, the crew chief pulled him aside and said, â€Å"You are taking too much earth out with each bucket, so you don’t feel the bucket hitting the water line; ease up a bit. Water lines were usually six to eight feet down, so Jim would dig until about four feet and then try to be more careful. It was then that he pulled up some telephone lines that were only about three feet deep. Realizing that more was involved in operating a backhoe than he first had thought, he sought out Bill Granger, who was known to have broken a water line only twice in his 15 years. It was said that he was so good that he could dig underneath the gas lines—a claim that Jim doubted. Bill said, â€Å"You need to be able to feel any restriction. The way to do that is to have more than one of your levers open at the same time. Operating the bucket lever and the boom lever at the same time reduces the power and causes the machine to stop rather than cut through a line of any type. † Jim began to use this method but still broke water lines. The difference now was that he knew immediately when he broke a line. He could feel the extra pull, whereas in the past, he found out either by seeing water gushing up or by hearing the crew chief swearing at him. He was getting better. Jim never did become as good as Bill Granger. In fact, two years later, he applied for another job as gas repairperson and was promoted, but the training as a gas repairperson was not much better. Case Questions 1. What are the potential costs to this lack of training? Why do you think the company operated in this manner? 2. What type of training would you recommend: OJT, classroom, or a combination? Describe what the training might entail. 3. What type of training environment would you provide? 4. Who would you get to do the training, and why? 5. Would you consider purchasing a training program for backhoe operators? Provide your rationale.

Public Health Awareness Of HIV Health And Social Care Essay

Public Health Awareness Of HIV Health And Social Care Essay Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has killed more than half a million people in the United States, a comprehensive public health approach that has stopped other epidemics has not been used to address this one. When HIV infection first emerged among stigmatized populations (homosexual men, injection-drug users, and immigrants from developing countries), the discriminatory responses ranged from descriptions of AIDS as retribution to violence and proposals for quarantine, universal mandatory testing, and even tattooing of infected persons. This response led to HIV exceptionalism, an approach that advocated both for special resources and increased funding and against the application of standard methods of disease control.1 The need for extra resources remains essential, but the failure to apply standard disease-control methods undermines societys ability and responsibility to control the epidemic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now, given the availability of drugs that can effectively treat HIV infection and progress on antidiscrimination initiatives, perhaps society is ready to adopt traditional disease-control principles and proven interventions that can identify infected persons, interrupt transmission, ensure treatment and case management, and monitor infection and control efforts throughout the population (Table 1). Doing so will have political and economic costs. The political costs include offending both sides of the political establishment: conservatives who oppose the implementation of effective prevention programs, including syringe exchange and the widespread availability of condoms, and some HIV activists who oppose expansion of testing, notification of the partners of infected persons (also known as partner counseling and referral services), and what some see as inappropriate medicalization of the response to the epidemic. The economic costs, particularly to improve population-w ide case management and notification of partners, would be substantial. But the human and economic costs of failing to adopt a comprehensive public health approach are much higher.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Table 1. Comparison of Public Health Approach to HIV Infection and Other Infectious Diseases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have identified and elucidated the biology of the virus, established and improved diagnostic tests, and created effective drugs and care systems that have reduced the number of deaths from AIDS in the United States by 70 percent since 1995.2 However, 25 years into the epidemic, progress is stalled. The number of deaths among people with AIDS has not declined since 1998, and the number of newly diagnosed cases is rising slightly.2 Disease transmission continues at the same or, possibly, a slightly higher rate.3 High-risk behavior remains common and is increasing in some groups. Late diagnosis of infection is common.3 Notification of the partners of infected persons is rare.4 Black and Latino patients are less likely than white patients to receive optimal care.5 Few patients in care receive counseling about preventing transmission of the virus.6 All these trends are apparent in New York City, which is home to one in six of all U.S. patients with AIDS.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case Finding and Surveillance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When HIV testing became available 20 years ago in the absence of treatment and in the context of discrimination, the use of prescriptive regulations mandating counseling and separate written consent, based largely on the genetic-counseling model of testing for untreatable conditions, was reasonable. Today, the existence of these regulations and the separation of counseling and testing from routine medical care result in missed opportunities to diagnose, treat, and stop the spread of HIV infection. Nearly half of black men tested in public venues where men who have sex with men congregate (e.g., bars, bathhouses, and parks) in 2004 and 2005 were HIV-positive, and two thirds of those who were positive were unaware of their status.7 Our outdated approach to HIV screening means that we not only fail to identify infected patients promptly and thus allow the epidemic to continue to spread, but we may also perpetuate HIV-related stigma by targeting screening only to those pe rceived to be at risk. Routine, voluntary HIV testing in health care settings, although advocated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for more than a decade,8 widely recommended,9 and cost-effective,10 has not occurred. In New York City in 2002, only one third of adults who had had three or more sex partners in the preceding year and only half of men who had sex with men who had had three or more partners had been tested for HIV in the previous 18 months.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early diagnosis is essential both to link patients to effective care and to prevent the spread of infection. The CDC estimates that more than half of new HIV infections are spread by HIV-positive people who are unaware they are infected.11 In nearly 40 percent of persons who received a diagnosis of HIV infection, AIDS either was concurrently diagnosed or developed within a year.3 They had been infected with HIV for about a decade; health care and other institutions missed many opportunities to diagnose their infection. As a result of delayed diagnosis, such patients are sicker when they begin to receive care and will thus die sooner than those whose infection is diagnosed promptly. Many unwittingly spread HIV to their spouses, partners, and others. Once they know their diagnosis, people infected with HIV reduce their practice of high-risk sex by about half,12 and the risk of heterosexual transmission, at least, is further reduced by treatment that decreases the viral load to below 1500 copies of HIV type 1 RNA per milliliter.13 Voluntary HIV screening and linkage to care should become a normal part of medical practice, similar to screening for other treatable conditions, such as high cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes, and breast cancer. Screening and linkage to care are especially important in communities with a high prevalence of HIV infection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The partners of more than two thirds of people with newly diagnosed HIV infection do not receive organized partner notification, and when contact is attempted, the rate of success varies greatly.4 The notification of partners by public health counselors is more effective than notification by individual patients,14 but this approach is rare in most areas. As a result, most partners are not notified of their exposure or offered testing, contributing to late diagnosis and continued spread of HIV. Of 4312 persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in New York City in 2003, information on these persons partners was available for less than a fifth and testing results were confirmed for fewer than 200 partners. In addition, the policy of offering partner notification only at the time of diagnosis ignores the continuing high-risk sexual behavior of many HIV-positive persons. Systematic notification of partners by public health personnel and the use of newer antibody or nuclei c acid-amplification tests in addition to traditional methods could identify social networks and acute or early HIV infections and could potentially stop clusters of transmission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interrupting Transmission   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The application of the public health principles of near-universal screening and treatment has all but eliminated transfusion-related and perinatal transmission of HIV.3 Among injection-drug users, syringe-exchange programs and widespread voluntary screening for the virus reduced the rate of transmission by 50 to 80 percent.15 Further progress in preventing HIV infection is possible interventions to change behavior work16,17,18,19 but reducing sexual transmission is challenging. Evidence-based ways to reduce high-risk behavior include promoting the use of condoms and making free condoms widely available,16,19 including in schools20; making clean needles readily available to people who inject illicit drugs21; and community interventions.19   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Condoms, which can substantially reduce transmission,16,22 are not widely available nor is their use strongly promoted, and they are still used infrequently in high-risk sexual encounters.23 Most injection-drug users in the United States continue to use nonsterile needles.24 Until recently in New York City, condom-distribution programs were limited, even in high-risk settings, and several neighborhoods in need of syringe-exchange services were not served by these programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Systematic Treatment and Case Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard public health approaches that have either not been applied or been applied inconsistently to HIV prevention and control efforts include public health monitoring to ensure that all HIV-infected patients receive quality care, providing public health support through referrals and outreach for patients who are not receiving effective treatment, monitoring of CD4 cell counts and viral loads to identify patients who may be candidates for treatment or who are lost to care, and assisting clinicians with outreach and partner notification. Although HIV infection remains incurable, AIDS is now a chronic disease for those fortunate enough to receive effective treatment. The use of effective treatment that incorporates risk-reduction counseling,25 including distribution of condoms, promotion of the use of condoms and clean needles, and treatment for substance abuse and mental health conditions, would improve individual treatment outcomes and reduce disease transmission, b ut it is uncommon.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case management is prominent in the HIV service delivery system, yet few if any jurisdictions ensure that every patient is offered effective treatment and prevention services. Public health interventions to monitor and improve HIV case management can be effective26 but are rare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Population-Based Monitoring and Evaluation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It took nearly two decades to make HIV reportable throughout the United States, and named reporting is still not universal. Although information on CD4 cell counts and viral loads is collected in most jurisdictions, monitoring these data to determine patients progress is rare. Surveillance for drug-resistant strains of virus in patients who have never been treated is generally not conducted. Information on viral loads, CD4 cell counts, and drug resistance recently became reportable in New York State, thus making it possible to identify patients who are not receiving effective care, monitor trends in drug resistance, potentially identify clusters of disease, and potentially provide physicians and their patients who are not receiving care with more intensive services. Publicly funded case management, treatment, and service systems are not effectively coordinated to ensure a continuum of care. Effective population-based monitoring and evaluation would track not only the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV infection, but also indicators of the interruption of transmission, such as the use of voluntary testing, proportion of partners notified, linkage to care of those who test positive, and success at reducing viral load when treatment is clinically indicated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The spread of HIV could be reduced substantially if newly infected people promptly learned of their status, reduced high-risk behaviors, and when clinically indicated, began and continued treatment that suppresses viral replication. But few if any jurisdictions even attempt to monitor whether all HIV-infected people receive effective treatment, let alone intervene to provide additional support when patients do not start, discontinue, or do not respond well to treatment. New York City, which has one of the nations strongest case-management infrastructures, has no systematic citywide information available on whether patients have begun, are continuing, or have a virologic response to treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proven interventions, such as the use of condoms, clean needles, and expanded voluntary screening, and linkage to care, could prevent most HIV infections.27 Improving community-based efforts and counseling of individual patients to prevent transmission, supporting patients to facilitate their return to care, and improving the availability of effective treatment could further reduce transmission. But 25 years into the epidemic, we do not consistently apply these proven strategies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cost-effective programs include mass-media education campaigns, efforts to make condoms widely available, and interventions to change high-risk behavior in groups with a high prevalence of HIV infection.19 Routine, voluntary screening for HIV is indicated on the basis of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness,10 and the cost is moderate, as compared with that of many other health interventions. Notification of an infected persons partners after counseling and testing prevents infections and probably saves money.28   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the current CDC estimate of 40,000 new HIV infections per year, the potential to prevent half to two thirds of these infections, and the current average lifetime cost of care for a patient with HIV infection of $200,000,29 more effective epidemic control would save between $4 billion and $5.4 billion per year. Widespread availability of condoms, syringe-exchange programs, public health notification of the partners of infected persons, and improvement of case management and monitoring systems would be unlikely to cost more than an additional $1 billion to $2 billion per year nationally two to three times the current CDC funding for HIV prevention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlling epidemics is a fundamental responsibility of the government, working in concert with physicians, patients, and communities. There is a delicate balance between protecting the public and the individual right to privacy. Until we implement prevention programs with proven efficacy more widely, make voluntary screening and linkage to care a normal part of medical care and expand screening in community settings, and improve treatment, risk reduction, monitoring, and partner notification, we will continue to miss opportunities to reduce the spread of HIV infection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some religious and political groups oppose the use of effective prevention measures. Some advocacy groups oppose expansion of screening and funding of government programs for prevention and control of HIV infection. Some doctors, health care facilities, and organizations will oppose increased monitoring of treatment efficacy; moreover, this cannot be accomplished without additional resources. There are few models for this approach, although Malawi has begun to apply public health principles to testing, treatment, and monitoring.30 Although stigma and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation continue, advocacy has resulted in substantial progress, including antidiscrimination statutes in many states and increasing numbers of jurisdictions that recognize the rights of domestic partners. The world has changed in the past 25 years, and approaches to HIV prevention must also change. If we fully apply public health principles to the HIV epidemic, we can improve the health of people living with HIV infection and prevent tens of thousands of people in this country from becoming infected with HIV in the next decade.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We are indebted to Drew Blakeman for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript and to Colin McCord and Mark Barnes for helpful comments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source Information   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York.

AND MICHEAL PORTE1 : AND MICHEAL PORTE1 :: Business and Management Studies:

AND MICHEAL PORTE1 : AND MICHEAL PORTE1 COMPARISON OF CHARLES HANDY AND MICHEAL PORTER Introduction In the modern age, when nature of management science is changing rapidly, ideas and work of few are helping the organizations and individuals to cope with these changes. They are the people who laid the foundation of modern management studies, and are known as management gurus. Among the few top management gurus Charles Handy and Michael Porter are the one who had the lasting influence on management thought and writing. Both are unique in their own fields in many ways. My aim is to compare and contrast the ideologies, work, and style of these two leading management gurus. Comparison & Contrast Charles Handy is an eminent management guru who has delivered insightful and humorous analysis of the management task for many years .He has developed great thinking and writing on management, arts, culture, business ethics. His writings are inspiring - philosophical, passionate, lively, enlightening Refreshing, thought-provoking, challenging and interesting to read. It gives inspiration, arguments and confidence to many of readers who are feeling beleaguered by the new priorities and agendas facing the arts and management sciences .Charles Handy style is informative, readily accessible, and peppered with personal anecdote and reflection. Many other management thinkers create new models based on empirical research and popularize them as their masterwork but Handy’s research is based on his personal experiences, assessment and observations. He started with his first book, Understanding Organizations (1976, revised 1991) and later in his other book GODS OF MANAGEMENT: THE CHANGING WORK OF ORGANISATIONS (1978) he used Greek gods in order to explain his view in a more simplified form, by doing this he earn a unique style of writing in management literature. In the 1980's he developed his thinking and writing skills , about modern style of living and working, which he explain in his famous book The Age Of Unreason and The Future Of Work(1989), which pioneered new ideas about the value of knowledge and self-determination. Handy's message is that we will not survive unless we respond to the radical way in which the world is changing. Handy was one of the first to identify the end of 'careers for life'. His book, jointly written with John Constable, The Making Of Managers in 1988, criticized the current management style adopted by managers, and advocated radical improvements to, UK management standards, which gave rise to the Management Charter Initiative (which eventually choked on its own bureaucracy). In the 1990's he focused increasingly on ethical and philosophical issues for business and society, as reflected in his collection of observations, like in his article Waiting For The

Bombay :: essays research papers

The city of Bombay originally consisted of seven islands, namely Colaba, Mazagaon, Old Woman's Island, Wadala, Mahim, Parel, and Matunga-Sion. This group of islands, which have since been joined together by a series of reclamations, formed part of the kingdom of Ashoka, the famous Emperor of India. After his death, these islands passed into the hands of various Hindu rulers until 1343. In that year, the Mohammedans of Gujerat took possession and the Kings of that province of India ruled for the next two centuries. The only vestige (mark) of their dominion over these islands that remains today is the mosque at Mahim. In 1534 the Portuguese, who already possessed many important trading centers on the western coast, such as Panjim, Daman, and Diu, took Bombay by force of arms from the Mohammedans. This led to the establishment of numerous churches which were constructed in areas where the majority of people were Roman Catholics. There used to be two areas in Bombay called "Portuguese Church". However, only one church with Portuguese-style facade still remains; it is the St. Andrew's church at Bandra. The Portuguese also fortified their possession by building forts at Sion, Mahim, Bandra, and Bassien which, although in disrepair, can still be seen. They named their new possession as "Bom Baia" which in Portuguese means "Good Bay". Sir George Oxenden became the first British Governor of the islands, and was succeeded later by Mr. Gerald Aungier who made Bombay more populous by attracting Gujerati traders, Parsi ship-builders, and Muslim and Hindu manufacturers from the mainland. He fortified defenses by constructing the Bombay Castle (the Fort, since then vanished except for a small portion of the wall) and provided stability by constituting courts of law. Between 1822 and 1838, cattle from the congested fort area used to graze freely at the Camp Maidan (now called Azad Maidan), an open ground opposite the Victoria Terminus. In 1838, the British rulers introduced a 'grazing fee' which several cattle-owners could not afford. Therefore, Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy spent Rs. 20,000 from his own purse for purchasing some grasslands near the seafront at Thakurdwar and saw that the starving cattle grazed without a fee in that area. In time the area became to be known as "Charni" meaning grazing. When a railway station on the BB&CI railway was constructed there it was called Charni Road. The Zoroastrian Towers of Silence on Malabar hill were built by Seth Modi Hirji Vachha in 1672.

Religions Matrix

He set off to find Supreme Enlightenment. Shamanic Buddha who taught the Four Nobles and the Eightfold Path for liberation from suffering. I Confucius who taught Confucianism. Family name was Kong, he was honored as Kong fuzz. I The origin of Taoism is thought to be the way of the Yellow Emperor. The texts used are thought to have been written by Laszlo. Gazing who left government position to pursue freedom and solitude. I Central beliefs I The central belief of Hinduism Is karma, which Is If you do good, good things will come to oh, If you do bad things, bad things will happen.The ultimate goal is to achieve mimosa or liberation from the cycle of reincarnation through realization of the immortal Absolute. I Seek eternal rather than temporal pleasure. Tetrahedral is self- discipline and self-control but has not ties to deities. To seek Supreme Enlightenment through the Eightfold Path and be strive for liberation from suffering. Be non-violent, non-confronting, trained mind, and peace will follow through meditation. I Focuses on ways of developing a Just and orderly society.Confucius believed Jean could save society through innate goodness, love, benevolence, perfect virtue, humaneness, and human-heartiness. I The world is naturally in harmony; Dad is our natural state. The idea of Dad which is unnamable. It is a mystical reality that cannot be grasped by the mind. Experience the unity of all things, cease to feel personal preferences, and take no Intentional or evasive action towards the flow of things. I Nature of God I Hindus have many deletes, the three major groupings are: Stats, Salves, and Vaccinates. I The belief is that the world has always been.There is no supreme deity. Enlightenment comes within oneself. I Do not acknowledge any deity. I They believe in Shanghai, the Lord on High, ruler of the universe, the supreme ancestor of the Chinese. He is not acted though as a Creator or God. I Texts I Veda, the oldest Vided scriptures is Rig Veda. Tantrums wh ich teach how to worship the feminine divine. I Butterball which was composed In the first century. Mahayana texts, the Lotus Sutra described Babyhood and how to achieve It. I Confucian Classics which was later replaced with Mao Sedona.The Confucian Classics were known as the Five Classics and Four Books during the Song Dynasty. I Diode Jinn I Ritual and practice(sacred elements & their meaning) I There are 16 rites prescribed in the scriptures to purify and sanctify in their life cycle: Pupas- which Is public worship to allow the sacred presence to be made tangible through devotions employing all tenet senses, ritual Tire ceremonies winner offerings are mace to the deities in exchange they will be rewarded, and death ceremonies also by fire which is designed to cleanse the body after death and release the soul to the spiritual realm.Fasting and prayer is observed during lunar and solar cycles or times during dangers. I Healing rituals which invoked the power of Buddha and dharma to ward off evil spirits and cure afflicted people. Yoga is practiced clear and train mind. Titanic practices by teachers to help those achieve to higher learning of Buddhism, the highest of them are lamas. Deity yoga to meditate to embody the various qualities that the practitioner wishes to manifest. I They include the Four Life Passages: birth, death, reaching maturity, and death.I Fen Shut-involves the study and harmonious placement of graves, temples, and even furniture. They communicate with spirits through sacrifice and ceremonies. Priests speak to the spirits with kind words to please them so they will do no harm. By singing and dancing they are begging the spirits to descend. I Ethics and morality I Karma is the ethnically strong teaching that there are consequences for all you do whether good or evil. Moral and ethically principles are truth, non-violence, non-stealing, intestine, non-covetousness, cleanliness, contentment, burning zeal, self-study, and devotion to God.I The y refrain from violent, harmful speech, and doing things harmful to their bodies or doing harm to their environment. Ethics include being unselfish and seeking enlightenment with meditation. It is believe anyone can seek enlightenment. I One is concerned with self-improvement rather than public recognition, mindful of parents, speaks cautiously but acts quickly, and regards human nature as basically good. I Does not set a standard of morality and goes without labeling things â€Å"good or evil†. I

Compare and Contarst Essay

Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political and social structures. Egypt had more of authorial government, where one head person was in charge which in this case was the pharaoh, which was the head on Egypt social class, as well as leader of his society. The Pharaoh was basically a king ruling for his people, while Mesopotamia, had city states, which was controlled by priest kings. Another difference is that in Egypt the Pharaoh had complete control over the land, while in Mesopotamia the kings were not so powerful, and the land w as split with others such as priest kings. Lastly, Egypt had a centralized government, while Mesopotamia did not have this. Egypt was ruled under one leader and was together as a unity. Egypt had an overall leader such as the Pharaoh, which helped Egypt stay united as one government and civilization. Mesopotamia didn’t have this they were lacking this, they had a lack of barriers and a constant competition for power led to continuous warfare between the two societies. This made Mesopotamia not united at all and made them weak and an unstable society. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had their similarities of political and social structures in their societies. One similarity of the social structure of both civilizations is that at the bottom of their social class were slaves and peasants. Both societies had this in their social class. Another similarity is both civilizations had male dominance, which turned to the agriculture revolution, which degraded women because of decreased dependency and their lack of labor skills. This revolution happens in both civilizations, which caused for male dominance to occur because women became house wives and were stuck to be inside. Lastly Kings were in both civilizations social class, both civilizations consisted of a king, even though each civilization king had their own power and ruling, each society had a suited king. This king ruled over the land for the people. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt consisted of this. In conclusion, Egypt and  Mesopotamia had their own similarities as well, as their differences from 3,500 B.C. Each society had similar traits, from kings ruling the land, male dominance in both Egypt and Mesopotamia, from the Neolithic era. As well, as the social class, of slaves and peasants being the lower or bottom class on the social class. Differences ranged from the power of government leaders, such as pharaohs and kings, who had what control of which land in the civilization, and lastly the government itself, and how it was kept and was it stable and strong, or weak and falling. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt came across both these similarities and differences. Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political and social structures. Egypt had more of authorial government, where one head person was in charge which in this case was the pharaoh, which was the head on Egypt social class, as well as leader of his society. The Pharaoh was basically a king ruling for his people, while Mesopotamia, had city states, which was controlled by priest kings. Another difference is that in Egypt the Pharaoh had complete control over the land, while in Mesopotamia the kings were not so powerful, and the land was split with others such as priest kings. Lastly, Egypt had a centralized government, while Mesopotamia did not have this. Egypt was ruled under one leader and was together as a unity. Egypt had an overall leader such as the Pharaoh, which helped Egypt stay united as one government and civilization. Mesopotamia didn’t have this they were lacking this, they had a lack of barriers and a constant competition for power led to continuous warfare between the two societies. This made Mesopotamia not united at all and made them weak and an unstable society. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had their similarities of political and social structures in their societies. One similarity of the social structure of both civilizations is that at the bottom of their social class were slaves and peasants. Both societies had this in their social class. Another  similarity is both civilizations had male dominance, which turned to the agriculture revolution, which degraded women because of decreased dependency and their lack of labor skills. This revolution happens in both civilizations, which caused for male dominance to occur because women became house wives and were stuck to be inside. Lastly Kings were in both civilizations social class, both civilizations consisted of a king, even though each civilization king had their own power and ruling, each society had a suited king. This king ruled over the land for the people. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt consisted of this. In conclusion, Egypt and Mesopotamia had their own similarities as well, as their differences from 3,500 B.C. Each society had similar traits, from kings ruling the land, male dominance in both Egypt and Mesopotamia, from the Neolithic era. As well, as the social class, of slaves and peasants being the lower or bottom class on the social class. Differences ranged from the power of government leaders, such as pharaohs and kings, who had what control of which land in the civilization, and lastly the government itself, and how it was kept and was it stable and strong, or weak and falling. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt came across both these similarities and differences. Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political and social structures. Egypt had more of authorial government, where one head person was in charge which in this case was the pharaoh, which was the head on Egypt social class, as well as leader of his society. The Pharaoh was basically a king ruling for his people, while Mesopotamia, had city states, which was controlled by priest kings. Another difference is that in Egypt the Pharaoh had complete control over the land, while in Mesopotamia the kings were not so powerful, and the land was split with others such as priest kings. Lastly, Egypt had a centralized government, while Mesopotamia did not have this. Egypt was ruled under one leader and was together as a  unity. Egypt had an overall leader such as the Pharaoh, which helped Egypt stay united as one government and civilization. Mesopotamia didn’t have this they were lacking this, they had a lack of barriers and a constant competition for power led to continuous warfare between the two societies. This made Mesopotamia not united at all and made them weak and an unstable society. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had their similarities of political and social structures in their societies. One similarity of the social structure of bot h civilizations is that at the bottom of their social class were slaves and peasants. Both societies had this in their social class. Another similarity is both civilizations had male dominance, which turned to the agriculture revolution, which degraded women because of decreased dependency and their lack of labor skills. This revolution happens in both civilizations, which caused for male dominance to occur because women became house wives and were stuck to be inside. Lastly Kings were in both civilizations social class, both civilizations consisted of a king, even though each civilization king had their own power and ruling, each society had a suited king. This king ruled over the land for the people. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt consisted of this. In conclusion, Egypt and Mesopotamia had their own similarities as well, as their differences from 3,500 B.C. Each society had similar traits, from kings ruling the land, male dominance in both Egypt and Mesopotamia, from the Neolithic era. As well, as the social class, of slaves and peasants being the lower or bottom class on the social class. Differences ranged from the power of government leaders, such as pharaohs and kings, who had what control of which land in the civilization, and lastly the government itself, and how it was kept and was it stable and strong, or weak and falling. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt came across both these similarities and differences.

Battle of Algiers Analysis Essay

The Battle of Algiers is a 1966 film that depicts the Algerian uprising against the French rule in the city of Algeria. The cause of the conflict in the film is the constant oppression felt by the Arab Algerians because of French colonialism. The injustice suffered by the native Arabs is shown in a number of ways: the living space difference between the Arabs and French, the difference in occupation, and the condescending attitudes the French have towards the Arabs. The populations of Algeria (Arab and French), are separated into two locations. The French live in a modern city with stores, buildings, lights, and automobiles many things that people take for granted. While the Arabs live in poverty compressed in a dark Casbah; an old walled in citadel. The French seem to have a well-established middle class while the native Arabs of Algeria have to struggle to survive. The difference in occupations by the natives and the French is also blatantly shown. The Arabs are mainly engaged in manual labor and only work with the French when they work under them – the servant of the police commissioner. On the other hand the French have a deep-rooted monopoly on all civil affairs. These differences show the injustice experienced by the native population but it is more apparent by the condescending and arrogant perception the French have toward the Arabs. Throughout the film the French try to persuade the native population to quell their rebellion by showing how French occupation has given them â€Å"civilization and prosperity.† But this is not true because of the difference in living conditions between the two races of people. Also throughout the film the French refer to the native Algerians as â€Å"dirty Arabs,† and â€Å"rats.† The dehumanization of the Arabs is also shown when Lieutenant-Colonel Mathieu compares the Arabs to â€Å"tapeworms.† It is ironic that the French officer refers to the Arabs as parasites when it is truly the French who colonized the country and exploits its resources. Lieutenant Mathieu also shows his disrespect for the Arabs when he names his counter measures to the Arabs rebellion â€Å"operation champagne.† (Alcohol is forbidden to Muslims) The film The Battle of Algiers shows the constant injustice to the native population by the foreign imperialists. The movie shows the difference in location, occupation, and respect that both people have for each other. The film also shows the constant racism of the French toward the native population and depicts the various reasons as to why the Arabs rebelled.

Community profile of Hackney, London The WritePass Journal

Community profile of Hackney, London Introduction Community profile of Hackney, London ). Local residents’ satisfaction with the police force and the fire service are the highest across London, although whilst the number of crimes has been reduced significantly, the number of crimes in Hackney is still higher than in other London boroughs, with 142/1000 crimes in Hackney, 111/1000 crimes in London as a whole and 89/1000 crimes in England as a whole (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). The most frequent crime in Hackney is burglary, with criminal damage and drug offences following. Violence against the person is also relatively high in Hackney, although this is one type of crime that has been reduced significantly in Hackney (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). Antisocial behaviour was identified as a problem area with anti-social behaviours such as drug dealing and teenagers running around the streets being the main cause for concern amongst residents (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). Despite this, fear of crime was low in Hackney residents, with the majority of resident s surveyed saying that they felt safe during the day and relatively safe at night, both in their own homes and in the street (Hackney Borough Council, 2012). Survey   It was decided, according to the community profiling tools provided by Christakopoulou et al. (2001), that the community profile should determine key aspects of the community and the lives of the people in the chosen community: what the area is like as a place to live; what the area is like as a social community; what the areas is like as an economic community; what the area is like as a political community; what the area is like as a personal space; and what the area is like as part of the city of London, in terms of the links between Hackney and the rest of London and what the specific local identity is that sets Hackney apart from the rest of London. By focusing on these key areas it is possible to more readily identify the main findings and thoughts of those within the region. On this basis, twenty survey questions were developed (see Appendix 1), with a view to using these survey questions to gain information from local Hackney residents as to their views of their community. The survey was presented to twenty local residents, who were approached as they walked down the street. Of the twenty residents who were approached, ten of them were willing to take time to answer the survey questions. The next section of the community profile will present the findings from the research, i.e., the responses of the ten local residents to the survey questions. The following section will then present an analysis of these findings; the final section will present an overall Conclusion for the community profile. Research findings Regarding the first question, ‘What do you think about Hackney?’ the ten residents all had different opinions. Several mentioned that they loved to live in Hackney and that they were proud to live in Hackney. One older man mentioned that he felt unsafe in Hackney and was looking to move and this may be reflective of the different demands of age groups. He said he does not go outside his home at night as he fears the gangs of teenagers he sees on the streets. Another lady, a young mum, said that she loves Hackney but feels more could be done for young people in the area, and especially more for children. The young woman pointed out that she felt there were too few activities for children and that the outdoor parks were very badly maintained and often full of threatening teenagers, so that she did not use the parks with her children. Another person stated that they had lived in Hackney all their life and that they love Hackney, that they don’t se themselves ever lea ving. Regarding the second question, Do you think Hackney is a nice place to live?, eight of the people surveyed said yes, they felt that Hackney is a nice place to live and that they are happy living in Hackney.   Two of them, including the old man, stated that they were not very happy living in Hackney and that they would prefer to live somewhere else. Regarding the third question, Do you like living in Hackney?, again, eight of the people said yes and two said no. The two people who said no said that they felt Hackney had become more unsafe and was not a safe place to live, that they often see drug dealers selling in the local parks and that the area could benefit from more policing. In terms of the responses to the fourth question, Do you think Hackney is a satisfying place to live?, the eight people said that, yes, they felt Hackney is a satisfying place to live, with two people saying that it used to be but that now they did not feel it was the right place for them to be now. They noted that the rising house prices all over London made it difficult, however, for them to move, with this meaning that they felt they were marooned in Hackney. This is also evident in the fact that the region generally has a high level of satisfaction but this may be more reflective of the lack of alternative options rather than true satisfaction. When asked, Do you, in Hackney, have access to all the facilities you need?, the ten people all had very different answers. Two, who appeared to be students, said that the rent was cheap and there were great cheap restaurants, that they were very happy with the area. Another said that, yes, the borough has sports facilities and parks and access to other London attractions. Others said that, yes, the community was strong and they were able to take part in community activities. When asked, Are you involved in the social life of your local area?, two of the local residents indicated they were, via a community gardening project and a community regeneration project. These two said that they felt this had made them feel more like a part of the local community. When asked, Do you find your local community, in Hackney, supportive?, five said yes, four said they didn’t really no and one said no. The one who said no stated that they felt the police force could have a greater and more effective presence. The ones who said yes stated that they felt safe and welcome in the community. When asked, Do you feel Hackney has a range of socioeconomic conditions?, the majority said something   along the lines of ‘we’re all poor here’, with one stating that Hackney has its ‘nice ends’ and its poor parts. When asked, Do you think Hackney has a vibrant offering of local shops?, the people stated, yes, that they hardly ever have to leave Hackney to find something and that they loved the fact that there were so many international shops and restaurants. They all stated that they felt their local shop owners were part of their community and that they made an effort to make them feel welcome whenever they frequented the shop, noting that this made them feel more welcome to the community as a whole. When asked, Do you feel well represented, politically, in Hackney?, the majority stated that they were unsure, with one stating that they felt the local politicians could do more to help Hackney. When asked, Do you feel the local politicians do a good job of managing Hackney?, the local residents stated that they were unsure but that, given the lack of complaints they had about the borough, the politicians must be doing their job well. When asked, Do you feel, as a local resident, that you have a say in what happens in Hackney?’, the residents responded that they do not feel they have a say in Hackney, as they are but mere residents. One of the people, one of the ones who volunteer in the local community said that they felt their commitment to Hackney mad e them feel more a part of Hackney. In response to, Are there community organisations in Hackney?, two said yes, they were part of these community organisation and the remainder said they were unsure. For the next question, Are you involved with community organisations in Hackney?, again, only two stated that, yes, they were involved; the remainder stated that no, they were not involved. In response to the question, Are you very attached to Hackney?, eight said yes, they were, one said no and one said they weren’t sure. When asked, How long have you lived in Hackney?, the average answer was 18 years; the longest was 68 years and the shortest 8 months. When asked, Do you have special memories of Hackney or of local people?, a variety of answers were given, all of which were very special and particular to that person as an individual. This suggested that the people did have very personal connection to Hackney. When asked, Do you feel like Hackney is part of London?, the people stated that, yes, Hackney is part of London. When asked, Do you feel there are good linkages between Hackney and the rest of London?, all of them replied in the positive. The fact that Hackney is so close to central London was an attractive point for many of the respondents. When asked, What do you feel distinguishes Hackney from the rest of London?, several answered that they felt the rest of London is less personal and welcoming than Hackney, with several others saying they feel Hackney is like a little village in London. Analysis of findings In terms of the analysis of the findings from the survey and the background quantitative analysis of Hackney borough, it can be seen that Hackney is a very vibrant and multicultural, multi-ethnic, borough. Hackney is appreciated by its residents for its special qualities and sense of community, meaning that residents feel welcome in Hackney. The survey found, for example, that the majority of people were very happy in Hackney and that they were so happy they had stayed in Hackney for a long time. One cause for concern, however, was the lack of children’s facilities and the safety and security of the area in general. Overall, however, the findings suggest that residents are generally very happy with Hackney and intend to stay in Hackney. Despite this there is some suggestion that the responses are reflective of the perceived inability to move to any other area and the fact that having a broad range of cultures makes those that would otherwise feel like they are in the minority feel relatively comfortable in the environment. Community profile of Hackney The community profile that has emerged for Hackney is of a smaller London borough that has a population of small children in Hackney being higher than the national average and higher than in many other London boroughs. Hackney is multicultural, with Hackney having a far larger Black population than either other London inner boroughs or the UK as a whole. Hackney has a high number of social housing stock, with demand for this housing outweighing supply and average income across Hackney being well below the national average. Crime is a concern in Hackney, as is antisocial behaviour; this was apparent from both the quantitative analysis and the survey.   Conclusion This report has presented a community profile of Hackney in London, i.e., a description of the particular community or neighbourhood chosen using a variety of techniques to build up a picture of the community (Barnados, 2004). The techniques that were used in the construction of the community profile was a look at the figures associated with the region to provide details of the history and general background of the Hackney area and a survey of local residents and traders to gain a more subjective understanding of the area. These two approaches were used to gain an understanding of the needs of the community and the resources that exist within the community with a view to understanding what action plan could be implemented to improve the community and the quality of life of the people living in the community. In terms of the understanding of the needs of the community, the community profile has shown that Hackney has a high number of children and young people with tee survey showing that their needs are currently unmet. This means that a huge section of Hackney residents have unmet needs; this means that the quality of life of this section of the community could be improved. Additionally, crime and fear of crime is high in Hackney, with the surveys showing that fear of crime stopped at least one resident from leaving their home at night, this severely impacting their quality of life. In terms of what could be done to improve the quality of life of residents, then, as quantitative analysis and survey have shown, providing more activities or spaces for children and young people would help them and possible reduce antisocial behaviours. Providing more police would possibly help to reduce crime and the fear of crime. In conclusion, the community profile shows that Hackney is a very nice place to live, in general, but that it has some aspects that could be improved and, by improving them, this would improve the quality of life of residents. As has been discussed, the findings suggest that residents are generally very happy with Hackney and intend to stay in Hackney. Overall, then, the community profile has found certain problems with Hackney borough but has found that these problems are not viewed as particularly serious by residents; residents seem to love Hackney and love the fact that Hackney welcomes them with open arms, regardless of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, religion or creed. References Barnados, 2004. Community profiling. Available from barnardos.org.uk/communityprofiling.pdf [Accessed 6th May 2013]. Christakopoulou, S., Dawson, J. and Gari, A. (2001) ‘The community well-being questionnaire: theoretical context and initial assessment of its reliability and validity’, Social Indicators Research, 56: 321–51. Hackney Borough Council, 2009. Hackneys housing. Available from hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/hackney-Housing.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2013]. Hackney Borough Council, 2010. Hackney’s population. Available from hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/hackney-Population.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2013]. Hackney Borough Council, 2012. Hackney’s community safety. Available from hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/community-safety.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2013].   Appendix 1: Survey questions What do you think about Hackney? Do you think Hackney is a nice place to live? Do you like living in Hackney? Do you think Hackney is a satisfying place to live? Do you, in Hackney, have access to all the facilities you need? Are you involved in the social life of your local area? Do you find your local community, in Hackney, supportive? Do you feel Hackney has a range of socioeconomic conditions? Do you think Hackney has a vibrant offering of local shops? Do you feel well represented, politically, in Hackney? Do you feel the local politicians do a good job of managing Hackney? Do you feel, as a local resident, that you have a say in what happens in Hackney? Are there community organisations in Hackney? Are you involved with community organisations in Hackney? Are you very attached to Hackney? How long have you lived in Hackney? Do you have special memories of Hackney or of local people? Do you feel like Hackney is part of London? Do you feel there are good linkages between Hackney and the rest of London? What do you feel distinguishes Hackney from the rest of London?

The New York Stock Exchange Essays

The New York Stock Exchange Essays The New York Stock Exchange Paper The New York Stock Exchange Paper Our purpose is to supply you and your company with detailed information, so you can make an educated decision on the stock option you hope to purchase and profit from over the next few years. We have decided to analyze Cedar Fair, LP (NYSE: FUN) and one of its main competitors Walt Disney Co. (NYSE: DIS). When researching, it is vital to use all your resources. We at Walnut Street Securities, Inc. have done extensive investigation so we can bring you the best stock options with the highest profitability and success rate. While looking at Cedar Fair, we will take into consideration that no company is perfect. There might be discrepancies, but we find that it is very important for us to bring you all the facts from every aspect of the company before making a decision on a purchase. Scope We have researched and reviewed the companies background information, financial reports, press releases, stock prices, dividends, competitors, additions and new attractions, and even lawsuits that could influence this company in the stock market. As we look at the background information we will see the progress Cedar Fair has made over the years and the current assets this company possess. We will also see in the financial portion of the report, the effects on revenue, net income, and sales over the last three years. In addition, while looking at the stock and dividend prices you will be able to compare Cedar Fair, LP and Walt Disney, Co. for the highest return rate. The recent press releases and current lawsuits will also give you an insight as to how these companies perform according to the news reports and public opinion. Methodology To research the data enclosed in the report we sent Walnut Street Securities, Inc. representatives to libraries to research financial and company databases and websites. As well, printed sources, such as newspapers and periodicals, were used in the research of this report. Some of the printed sources used were from Standard and Poors 2006 Edition, Americas Most Watched Companies and Mergents, Handbook of Common Stock. Some of the helpful databases and websites we researched were cedarfair. com, disney. com, bigcharts. com, valueline. com, and businesssourcepremier. com. Cedar Fair, LP specializes in entertainment and amusement. Rollercoaster, park rides, water parks, indoor water parks, shows, resorts, games, food, and souvenirs is what this company offers to the public. As the NYSE ticker symbol suggests (FUN) is what Cedar Fair is all about. Cedar Fair since commencing operations in 1983, has accumulated twelve properties, seven amusement parks, and five water parks. Cedar Point located on Lake Erie, between Cleveland and Toledo, OH, serves a total market area of about 26 million people. Knotts Berry Farms, Los Angeles, CA, serves more than 20 million people. Dorney Park and Wild Water Kingdom in Allentown, PA serves 35 million people. Geauga Lake and Wild Water Kingdom located near Cleveland, serves around 7 million people and Michigans Adventure in Muskegon, MI serves the area of about 5 million people. (Annual Report, 2) The five water parks are located near San Diego, Palm Springs, and also accompany Knotts Berry Farms, Worlds of Fun, and Cedar Point. Cedar Fair also owns and operates Castaway Bay indoor water park and resort in Sandusky, OH. (Annual Report, 2) In 1991, Cedar Fair consisted of only two parks with combined attendance of only 4. 1 million people a year and $128 million in revenues. Recently, attendance has reached over 12. 7 million people a year and maintains revenues of $520 million. This is about a 3% increase from the previous year. (www. valueline. com) Four years after commencing operations, in 1987, Cedar Fair, LP became publicly traded in the New York Stock Exchange.

Case Note Essay

Case Note Essay Case Note Essay Case Note Smith v. Shannon, 100 Wn. 2d 26, 666 P.2d 351 (1983) Facts In February 1976, Vera Smith was referred by her attending physician Dr. Raymond Lynberg to Dr. Roger Shannon, a radiologist with defendant Radiology Associates of Spokane. Regarding Ms. Smith’s possible kidney complications, Dr. Shannon chose to administer an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) to Ms. Smith and took X-rays on her kidneys and ureters. Before administering the IVP, Dr. Shannon informed the patient of some possible risks along with the treatment. She might become flushed, nauseous and unconscious. However, he did not inform her of 10 other risks mentioned in the Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR). In this case, Renographin-60, as the contrast agent, might cause thrombophlebitis to the patient, but Dr. Shannon did not inform his patient of this information. Ms. Smith began to sneeze and experienced a shooting pain down her arm while receiving the injection. But Dr. Shannon viewed these reactions as insignificant and didn’t notice her pain. A week after t he IVP, Ms. Smith visited Dr. Lynberg for the pain in her arm persisted. And Dr. Lynberg diagnosed reactive phlebitis, an inflammation of the vein in reaction to the Renographin-60. The plaintiff’s pain has continued and she has seen several physicians and been through related surgery twice. Specialists have diagnosed her pain as caused by damage to the nerves in her arm. But the record does not disclose whether or how this damage is related to Dr. Lynberg’s initial diagnosis of reaction phlebitis. Procedural History Ms. Smith filed a suit under two cause of action against Dr. Shannon. One is that Dr. Shannon is negligent; the other is that he failed to obtain her informed consent. However, the trial court dismissed Ms. Smith’s claim of the physician’s negligence, since she had not demonstrated any deviation by Dr. Shannon from the established standard of medical practice. Also, the trial court rejected Ms. Smith’s second claim, on the ground that though Dr. Shannon didn’t inform her of all risks described in the PDR, the plaintiff had failed to prove that the information â€Å"was in fact medically important or recognized risks†. The trial court especially noted that Ms. Smith had failed to provide sufficient expert testimony on the issue and it considered such testimony necessary. Ms. Smith appealed and the Washington Supreme Court affirms the trial court’s judgment that a valid disclosure was made and that the claimed error in determ ining negligence had not been preserved for appeal Discussion As to the lacking informed consent claim, the Court firstly points out that the doctrine of informed consent is premised on the fundamental principle that â€Å"every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body†. Schloendorff v. Society of N.Y. Hosp., 211 N.Y. 125, 129, 105 N.E. 92 (1914) (Cardozo, J.). A physician should inform his or her patient of the attendant risks of the treatment and obtain the patient’s consent. In Washington state, Miller v. Kennedy, 85 Wn.2d 151, 152, 530 P.2d 334 (1975) is the seminal case on this doctrine. In Miller, the Court of Appeals emphasized that it is for the patient to evaluate the risks of treatment and that the only role to be played by the physician is to provide the patient with information as to what those risks are. It is the patient to determine what information should be disclosed; otherwise, it would be in direct conflict with the underlying principle of patie nt sovereignty. However, it does not mean that every risk, no matter how minute, must be disclosed. Only when the possible risks are of a serious nature should them be disclosed by the physician. That is, â€Å"the guide for disclosure is materiality†. Miller, at 287. The test of materiality is an objective one incorporating the underlying concept of patient sovereignty. If the specific risk is

Hyphenation Rules for 35 Prefixes (and 1 Suffix)

Hyphenation Rules for 35 Prefixes (and 1 Suffix) Hyphenation Rules for 35 Prefixes (and 1 Suffix) Hyphenation Rules for 35 Prefixes (and 1 Suffix) By Mark Nichol There was a time when prefixes were routinely attached to root words with hyphens, but that time has, for the most part, passed. Now, hyphens are the exception, as detailed in the following list, which also provides simple definitions. ante (before): closed anti (against): closed except before a proper noun or a word starting with i bi (twice, two): closed bio (life): closed co (with): generally closed; exceptions include co-op and co-opt counter (opposite): closed cyber (computer): closed extra (beyond): closed except before a word starting with a hyper (above, beyond, excessively): closed infra (below, within): closed inter (between): closed intra (between, during, within): closed mega (large): closed except before a word starting with a meta (behind, beyond, changed, later): closed except before a word starting with a micro (small): closed mid (middle of): closed except with numbers, proper nouns, and terms of more than one word mini (short, small): closed multi (many): closed except before a word starting with i neo (new): closed except with select proper nouns; check dictionary (lowercase and hyphenate if attached to proper name and term is not in dictionary) non (not): closed except if attached to hyphenated phrase (use en dash instead of hyphen if attached to term of more than one word) over (above): closed post (after): closed except before a proper noun (use en dash instead of hyphen if attached to term of more than one word) pre (before): closed except before a proper noun (sometimes capitalized in a proper noun- check dictionary; use en dash instead of hyphen if attached to term of more than one word) pro (for): closed except in pro-life and before a proper noun proto (beginning, first): closed pseudo (false): closed except before a proper noun re (again, back): closed except to avoid confusion as in resign (quit) versus re-sign (sign again) semi (half of, partly, partially): closed except before a proper noun or a word starting with i sub (almost, beneath, below, less than): closed super (beyond, superior): closed supra (beyond): closed trans (across, beyond, through): closed ultra (beyond): closed un (not): closed except before a proper noun or a word starting with u under (below): closed fold (multiplied by): closed except with numerals or with spelled-out numbers that are hyphenated Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"50 Types of Propaganda50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Workplace Drug Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace Drug Abuse - Essay Example This can be avoided by making sure employees get their loads checked. Also, new systems exist, such as Global Positioning Systems, that track the drivers and see how long they stop at each location. Another way employees could act as enablers to employees is if there are drugs readily available, such as at a hospital. Employers of hospital staff could make certain drugs like Valium, Marijuana, and others easily accessible. Actually, this is a common problem today, and somewhere from 10-15% of doctors are projected to be using perscriptions illeagally (Guadagnino). Some actions can be taken to prevent employers from acting as enablers to employees using drugs. One of these actions is simply having drug tests. These tests measure the amount of illegal drugs in the person's system, and they are very effective. However, some people argue that it isn't ethical, and it would only be successful for employers that want to stop the drug use, not the very few that encouage it. Currently my job doesn't encourage much drug use, I am a telephone surveyer, and my hours are spend sitting at a desk, being monitored in my calling. However, because it is such a simple job, one could use drugs before going, and it might not be as noticable as other jobs since not much is required to work.

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Civil War - Essay Example Ideally they championed the theory where each state was to uphold the rights in establishing a set of codes within its perimeters and that none was to be coerced to adherer to the mandates of the federal hegemony unless extremely compulsory. No sooner than soon, state rights would more often crash with various procedures the federal system was taking. Divergent view points emerged over taxes, levy, interior enhancement, the martial as well as slavery culminated into mayhem. Time and time again the North and the South faced off. Tangible reasons for doing this were purely on monetary grounds. The south relied on plantations and slaves while the north was heavily dependant on massive industrialization. The north abolished slavery whereas the south needed farm manpower; so the idea of abolishing slaves would otherwise threaten the very existence of the southern state. In 1860, the antagonism flanking the northern as well as the southern interests grew so strong. Lincoln was then elected the president and consequently South Carolina seceded from the Union to govern itself. Thereafter 10 more state followed suit constituting the Confederate States with Jefferson Davis as the Captain. (Stephen B. Oates 300-301)

Sports Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports Communications - Essay Example As jet air travel globalized sport, the distinction between the best amateur and the professional players became impossible to maintain; even the Olympic movement abandoned founder Baron Pierre de Coubertin's original devotion to amateurism. Still debatable is whether the quantitative change in the number of viewers of television has completely changed the quality of the sporting experience. Do children, for instance, deliberately emulate the petulant and violent player behavior they often see on television, ignoring the coaches who try to instill principles of fair play Do most coaches, at all levels, put winning before the health and welfare of their players Have international players become simply pawns in the hands of the media industry Or has television simply opened up electronic seats for fans and made it impossible for sportswriters and commentators to glorify people and events those fans can now see for themselves Has media money justified itself by providing training and competing opportunities for those who had previously been excluded from sports they could not afford to learn What is certain is that some sports have always been "more equal than others"; fans choose to what they will give their allegiance. The media can create or increase temporary interest in specific events, but unless what the media discuss or show is rooted in more than the event itself, interest evaporates. Swimming While a complex, rapidly developing sport may be expected to generate many internal problems, synchro's main controversy, "sport or theater," is generated externally, by media that are unwilling to consider as "sport" anything not meeting the "swifter, higher, stronger" standard. But even Sports Illustrated, despite normally less than flattering reviews, admitted in its report on the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, "Synchronized swimmers may look like cupcakes, but they're tough cookies, half the routine is performed upside down in a pool" (Dawn Bean 128). Its water-show beginnings still haunt it. The idea that water ballet is show, while synchronized swimming is sport, has been hard to sell to swimming officials, the public, and the media. Its acceptance into the Olympic Games came only after Lord Killanin, then chair of the International Olympic Committee, saw it for himself at the third World Aquatic Championships. "I am very impressed. I saw synchronized swimming for the first time to day. It is a very elegant sport" (Dawn Bean 197). Synchro enjoys more popularity and acceptance as a sport in parts of the world outside the United States. In every Olympic competition, 1984 through 1996, it has been one of the first sports to sell out all audience tickets. Another issue is male participation. Interestingly, at the turn of the century competitions in the equivalent of figures were for males. Then the beautiful spectaculars of aquacades and films accented the female attraction. Early U.S. competitions included male championships, but they were never popular. Neither U.S. nor international rules prohibit male participation except for the Olympic Games and the World Aquatic Championships. Presently, male participation is greater in Europe than in the United States and Canada. Indeed, in 1991, the